Urology Urolithiasis: Review Questions Jaime Freyle, MD Dr. Freyle is a resident at Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn,  NY. Stanley Zaslau, MD Dr. Zaslau is Assistant Attending Urologist, Division of Urology, Maimonides Medical Center. Choose the single best answer for each question.
	1. In industrialized countries, what is the most common type of urinary stone? Calcium phosphate Calcium oxalate Ammoniomagnesium phosphate (struvite) Uric acid Cystine Click here to compare your answer. 2. All of the following are common signs and symptoms of renal colic EXCEPT: Nausea and vomiting Pain relief while the patient is lying still on the unaffected side Pain in the testicle or labia Costovertebral angle tenderness with radiation Urinary frequency and urgency Click here to compare your answer. 3. A 48-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital for intravenous hydration and analgesics after experiencing her third bout of renal colic in the past year. Previous intravenous pyelograms revealed recurrent right- and left-sided 3-mm caliceal stones. A current sonogram shows a 3-mm right caliceal stone and a 2-mm distal ureteral stone. Physical examination of the heart and lungs is unremarkable. Abdominal examination reveals right flank tenderness. Which of the following is the LEAST likely diagnosis? Hyperparathyroidism Gout Rheumatoid arthritis Sarcoidosis Renal tubular acidosis Click here to compare your answer. 4. Which of the following is the most common site of urinary stone impaction? Renal calix Ureteropelvic junction Near the pelvic brim, where the ureter arches over the iliac vessels Posterior pelvis, where the ureter is crossed anteriorly by pelvic blood vessels and the broad ligament Ureterovesical junction Click here to compare your answer.		5. Hospitalization for renal stones is recommended in all cases EXCEPT: A patient whose symptoms are not controlled by oral analgesics A patient with an obstructing stone and infected urine on urinalysis A patient with an obstructing stone and fever A patient with calculous anuria (usually seen in patients with one kidney) A patient with multiple recurrences of renal stone formation Click here to compare your answer. 6. Patients who have had ileostomies are at increased risk for urinary stones composed of which one of the following substances? Calcium monophosphate Calcium phosphate Cystine Uric acid Xanthine Click here to compare your answer. 7. Prostatic stones are usually formed of which of the following substances? Calcium oxalate Calcium phosphate Cystine Ammoniomagnesium phosphate (struvite) Uric acid Click here to compare your answer.
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